ABSTRACT
Gallstones are formed as a result of many metabolic disorders e.g. chronic haemolytic anaemia, diabetes mellitus, ileal diseases, short bowel syndrome, gluten sensitive enteropathy, elevated serum lipids or Crohn's disease. The relationship between gallstone disease and free radical reactions is not known exactly even today. Free radicals are involved in many clinical conditions e.g. in hyperlipidemia and in fatty liver. Oxygen free radicals are produced and accumulated while the function of mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport or in peroxisomes and the activated arachidonic acid cascade. Spontaneous lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical products of respiratory burst of Kupffer cells can be added to peroxide pool of liver tissue. Tissues, cells and subcellular particles exhibit different specific defence activities in pathological processes, which involve free radicals. The activity of microsomal P450 enzyme system and the microsomal structure are changed during pathological free radical attack and the cholesterol/bile acid ratio in bile juice is also altered. At the same time bilirubin metabolism can also be modified. Bile samples of 88 cholecystectomysed patients in both sexes [male: 29, female: 59] were examined. HPLC analysis [HP1090 liquid chromatograph with diode array detector] was used for the detection of free bilirubin and bilirubin derivates. HP5890 gas chromatograph and flame ionization detector was used for fatty acid analysis. The induced chemiluminescence intensity was also determined in bile juice with [Berthold Lumat 9501] luminometer. As results show, the occurrence of C18:1[PI] 9, C18:2[PI] 6, C20:4[PI] 6 fatty acids were in high percentage in gallbladder bile in every case of randomly chosen 17 cholecystectomysed patients in both sexes suffered from cholecystitis chronica with gallstone. Lipid peroxidation products [diene conjugates and malondialdehyde] were detected in all cases of bile as well. Mathematical statistical analysis showed, that positive significant correlation was between low concentration of total bilirubin of gallbladder bile and chemiluminescent intensity in hydrogen peroxide - luminol system. Extra high chemiluminescence light could be detected in bile samples of patients with severe clinical state. Bilirubin pro-and antioxidant forms are justified in human gallbladder bile
ABSTRACT
Most children, in the age of nursery consume food that contains both colorants and preservatives with great amount. This observation led us to study the interaction between sodium nitrite as a food preservative and sun set yellow as a coloring agent. The mixture of the two agents at the limited dose of each was found to be a lethal dose. So, 1/10th of this dose was used daily for 30 days. Animals were divided into three groups. The first group served as a control, while the second group was orally administered a mixture of 10 mg sod.nitrite [NaNO3]/kg mixed with 0.5 mg/kg/day sun set yellow [S.S.Y]. The third group received garlic [5 mcg/kg] in addition to the above mentioned mixture. After 30 days of treatment, half of the animals from each group were decapitated. The other half of the animals was left for another 15 days without any additional treatment as a recovery period. Ingestion of the mixture of [NaNO3 and S.S.Y] significantly decreased rat body weight, RBCs and WBCs counts, Hb%, Hct%. No changes were recorded for organ/ body weight, respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature. A complete recovery from the abnormalities of most physiological and hematological parameters was observed after the recovery period or when garlic was administered
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to clarify the effect of aqueous extracts of five plants [Nigella sativa, Aloe vera, Ferula assafoetida, Boswellia carterii Birdw and Commiphora myrrha] and their mixture on liver and kidney functions and protein profiles. Eighty adult male albino rats were divided into eight groups, the first served as control group, other groups were injected with alloxan [120mg/kg b.wt]. The second group served as diabetic rats, the third were treated with a mixture [0.1g/100g b.wt], the fourth was treated with Nigella sativa [0.1g/100g b.wt], the fifth was treated with Aloe vera [0.05 g/100g b.wt], the sixth was treated with Ferula assafoetida [0.1g/100g b.wt], the seventh was treated with Boswellia carterri Birdw [0.1g/100g b.wt] and the eighth group was treated with Commiphora myrrha [0.05 g/100g b.wt]. After thirty days of treatment half of each group was decapitated and the other one was left for 15 days without any additional treatment as recovery period to followup their hazards if present. The results revealed highly significant increase [p<0.01] in serum transaminases [aspartate [AST] and alanine [ALT]], alkaline phosphates [ALP], total bilirubin, urea and creatinine and recorded highly significant decrease [p<0.01] in serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations in the diabetic group when compared with normal rates. Otherwise, all plants extracts treated groups showed insignificant changes in the previous parameters when compared with control one. It seams, therefore that the water extracts of these plants and their mixture have protective effect against the side effects of alloxan on liver and kidney
ABSTRACT
Children usually eat and drink food containing both food preservatives, as sodium nitrite and food colourants, as sunset yellow [S.S.Y] at the same time. The mixture of the two agents at the limited dose of each was found to be lethal. 1/10th of this dose was used daily for 30 days. Animals were divided into three groups. The first served as a control, while the second was orally administered a mixture of sodium nitrite [NaNO3] and S.S.Y. The third received garlic in addition to the above mixture. Half of the animals from each group were decapitated after 30 days of treatment, while the other half was left for another 15 days for recovery. Investigation of the mixture of sod.nitrite and S.S.Y significantly decreases protein and albumin. Significant increases were observed in cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [AP], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]. No change was observed for Total protein, Triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and acid phosphatase [AcP] recorded
A complete recovery from the abnormalities of most biochemical parameters was observed after the recovery period or when garlic was administered. This draws attention to the dangers of interactions of such preservatives and colourants. The present study showed that even the permitted doses of colourants and food preservatives may be harmful. And illustrate that usage of garlic may ameliorate some of the expected hazards of food additions
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the bio-effects of electromagnetic field [EMF] exposure on blood elements, blood glucose, liver and kidney functions of mice implanted with Ehrlich tumour
Methods: female BALB/c mice inoculated subcutaneously with cell suspension isolated from Ehrlich ascitis carcinomas were exoposed to sinusoidal 50 Hz, 0.2 Tm for 21 days
Results: exposure to low frequency EMF resulted in a pronounced decrease in tumour growth. The increase in total leucocytic count, liver enzymes, bilirubin, blood glucose and creatinine observed in mice with implaned tumours, was significantly reduced by low frequency EMF exposure
Conclusions: these results suggest that exposure to low frequency EMF of 50 Hz inhibits malignant growth in mice with Ehrlich tumour. It is suggested that low frequency EMF may find utility as a method in the treatment of tumours, either alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents
ABSTRACT
It has been noticed that there is an increase in the number of women suffering from SLE. Most studies confirmed that serum DHEA [dehydroepiandrosterone] and DHEA sulphate are lower among patients with SLE than among controls even- during phases of inactive disease so we performed this study to detect the level of DHEA-S in the female patients with SLE. The overall results confirm that DHEA treatment was well- tolerated, significantly reduced the number of SLE flares, and improved patients global assessment of disease activity. Some serum parameters like liver and kidney functions were detected. Biochemical analysis showed that there is a significant increase of total lipids, cholestrol, triglycerides. But insignificant change in serum glucose, urea nitrogen and uric acid levels were recorded. From the present study three things were concluded. Firstly, there is a strong relationship between level of DHEA and the progression of SLE. Secondly, liver activity and kidney functions were not affected by SLE disease.Thirdly, DHEA treatment has a beneficial effect on female patients. So this study recommended to follow up DHEAS in female patients and use it in a proper dosage. In addition, further study must be done
ABSTRACT
Objective: investigation of the bio-effects of exposure to 2 gauss electromagnetic field [EMF] on blood elements, blood glucose, hepatocellular enzymes and bilirubin of mice and their possible modification by L-cysteine
Methods: the following groups were studied; [1] normal rats treated with saline; [2] normal rats treated with L-cysteine [18 mg/kg]; [3] rats exposed to EMF for 21 days and treated with the vehicle [saline] during the exposure period; [4] rats exposed to EMF for 21 days and treated with L-cysteine [18 mg/kg orally, 3 times per week] during the exposure period; [5] rats exposed to EMF for 21 days and treated with the vehicle [saline] during the exposure period and for 45 days after exposure; [6] rats exposed to EMF for 21 days and treated with L-cysteine [18 mg/kg orally, 3 times per week] during the exposure period and for 45 days after exposure
Results: in rats exposed to low frequency EMF for 21 days [group2], marked increase in aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] activities in serum was observed. Plasma bilirubin level was raised. Meanwhile, significant decrease in plasma glucose levels occured after exposure to EMF. No significant changes were observed in haemoglobin level, red blood cells or total leucocytic count noted in rats exposed to EMF. The elevations in serum bilirubin, AST and ALT levels were reduced to near normal values in rats given L-cysteine druing the 21 days of exposure [group3]. On the other hand, in rats examined 45 days after the end of the exposure period [group 3], no significant alterations were noted as regards bilirubin, AST, ALT and glucose levels in serum
Conclusions: these results suggest that [1] exposure to low frequency EMF of 50 Hz is associated with some degree of liver injury reflected in increased leakage of hepatoceular enzymes into plasma as well as an increase in serum bilirubin; [2] these alterations can be ameliorated by the administration of L-cysteine, as well as; [3] by limiting exposure to EMF
ABSTRACT
Cell-debris of C. chauvoei was highly lethal to mice [80%], but cell-lysate exhibited poor mouse lethality [4%]. However, culture filtrate produced 39% mortalities among mice depending on the type of liquid medium used for the growth of C. chauvoei. Dermonecrotic and hemolytic effects were the characters of culture filtrate, but they also depended on the used growth medium. Heating at 100C for 10 minutes destroyed the lethal and dermonecrotic effects, but it increased the hemolytic activity. Antihemolysins and agglutinins were detected in sera of guinea pigs immunized with cell-debris but neutralizing antibodies were not detected